Галогендердің қасиеттеріндегі өзгерістердің заңдылықтары. Химия,10 сынып, презентация.

Галогендердің қасиеттері

Тілдік мақсаттар

VII A (галогендер) элементтері және иондарын ауызша және жазбаша сапалық реакцияларын сипаттау.

Сапалық реакция -Qualitative reaction;

анион-anion;

реактив- reagent;

реакция белгілері (осадок-тұнба, структура-құрылымы)- main feature of reaction (precipitate, structure);

түс-colour,

еритін және ерімейтін қосылыстар –

soluble and insoluble compounds;

ион алмасу реакциясы-

ionic substitution reaction.

Сапалық анализ- бұл _________________________________ ___________________________жүргізіледі.

Галогендерден түзілген тұздар ________тұнба арқылы ерекшеленеді.

Ақ _________; Сары_________; Галоген- иондарды анықтаушы реагент___________________________.

Identifying halide ions

Halides can be identified by their reaction with acidified silver nitrate solution to form silver halide precipitates.

Silver chloride has a low solubility in water, so it forms a white precipitate: the positive result in the test for chloride ions.

KCl(aq) + AgNO3(aq) ® KNO3(aq)

Identifying halide ions

Halides can be identified by their reaction with acidified silver nitrate solution to form silver halide precipitates.

Silver chloride has a low solubility in water, so it forms a white precipitate: the positive result in the test for chloride ions.

KCl(aq) + AgNO3(aq) ® KNO3(aq)

Identifying halide ions

Identifying halide ions

William Fox Talbot

William Fox Talbot (1800–1877) was a British scientist and mathematician. He was one of the key figures in the development of the use of silver halides in photography.

Fox Talbot adapted the process by removing any unreacted silver halide by washing with sodium thiosulfate solution. This meant that the print could be used repeatedly in the way that photographic negatives can be today.

A French scientist called Louis Daguerre developed the use of silver halides on copper plates. These were effective at producing prints, but could only be used once.

Hydrogen halides

The hydrogen halides are colourless gases at room temperature.

Hydrogen fluoride has an unexpectedly high boiling point compared to the other hydrogen halides. This is due to hydrogen bonding between the H–F molecules.

Hydrogen halide

Boiling point (°C)

HF

HCl

HBr

HI

20

-85

-67

-35

Sodium halides and sulfuric acid

The sodium halides react with concentrated sulfuric acid.

The reactions of sodium halides with concentrated sulfuric acid demonstrate the relative strengths of the halide ions as reducing agents.

During this reaction two things can happen to the sulfuric acid. It can

act as an acid.

be reduced

Sodium halides and sulfuric acid

Sodium halides and sulfuric acid

Multiple-choice quiz