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Solids, Liquids and Gases

Solids

The particles in a solid are very close together. We know this because they cannot be compressed. They have a fixed volume and shape. There are strong forces of attraction between them. They are arranged in a regular pattern. The particles have low energy. They cannot move around, they can only vibrate in one position. They are very dense.

Liquids

The particles in a liquid are very close together. We know this because they cannot be compressed. They have a fixed volume, but can change shape. There are medium forces of attraction between them. They are arranged in a random, irregular pattern. The particles have medium energy, so they can move around. They flow past each other. We know this because liquids take the shape of the container they are in. They are less dense than solids.

Gases

The particles in a gas are very far apart. We know this because they can be compressed. They do not have a fixed volume or a fixed shape. There are very weak forces of attraction between them. They are arranged randomly. The particles have high energy, so they can move very fast in all directions. They occupy all of the space in a sealed container by diffusing. They are not dense.